Closed-Loop antenna diversity in a ceullular radio communication system

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a method for operating a cellular radio communication system with a base station, which may be switched between an operating state without closed-loop antenna diversity and an operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity, emitting a downlink signal with a weighting vector and a user station, for receiving the downlink signal and transmitting an uplink signal to the base station, delivering back-coupling information to the base station in the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity, representing a determined weighting vector. On transition of the radio communication system into the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity, the user station delivers back-coupling information, representing a weighting vector determined and known before the transition into the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity, to the base station until a current weighting vector is determined by measurement, and then delivers the back-coupling information representing the current weighting vector.

[0001] The invention relates to a method for operating a cellular radio communication system which supports antenna diversity and temporary transmission interruptions and to user and base stations for such a system.

[0002] In a radio communication system with antenna diversity in which two stations communicate with one another by radio, at least one of these stations is fitted with multiple antennas and is able to emit a radio signal for transmission to the other respective station via the individual antennas, weighted in each case with the coefficients of a weighting vector, so as in this way to achieve a radiation pattern of the radio signal selectively adjusted to this other station. The information needed in order to adjust the weighting vector successfully is measured by the other station and delivered as back-coupling information to the first station.

[0003] A known system operating in this manner is the UMTS mobile radio communication system. This system has, in addition to open-loop operating states which do not need back-coupling information, two operating states with closed-loop antenna diversity, designated closed-loop mode 1 and closed-loop mode 2. In an operating state without closed-loop antenna diversity the user stations of the UMTS system do not generally carry out the measurements which are necessary in order to determine the back-coupling information since this is not required in an open-loop operating state or may possibly not even be measurable. If, however, a switch is made to a state with closed-loop antenna diversity, then from the outset a weighting vector must be available which the base station can use for transmitting to the user stations. Default weighting vectors are therefore predefined for the two operating states with closed-loop antenna diversity, which weighting vectors are used during the first time slot after transition to an operating state with antenna diversity and which, as the user stations deliver back-coupling information to the base station, are replaced by current weighting vectors.

[0004] The transition to an operating state with antenna diversity may relate both to the entire base station and all user stations connected to this base station and to an individual user station which is connected to a base station. The latter is the situation which occurs more frequently in practice.

[0005] After the transition to one of the states in closed-loop antenna diversity, the UMTS base station assumes that an uplink signal which it receives from a user station will contain back-coupling information by means of which it is able to select a current weighting vector which is well suited to the user station's actual reception conditions.

[0006] Temporary interruptions in the uplink and downlink signals may be necessary in mobile radio communication systems in order to enable a user station to carry out field strength measurements on radio signals of neighboring base stations and to check whether one of these neighboring base stations possibly delivers better reception conditions than the base station, designated here the partner station, with which the user station is presently communicating.

[0007] In the case of a simple user station in which the transmitting and receiving sections cannot be tuned independently of one another, the transmitting section must be detuned during the measurements of the signal of the neighboring station so that here interruptions occur simultaneously in the downlink and the uplink respectively.

[0008] In such a case, the closed-loop operating state can be initialized after the end of the interruption in the same way as when switching to a state with closed-loop antenna diversity from another operating state.

[0009] In order to enable a user station with a single receiving section to carry out measurements on signals of neighboring base stations, an interruption of the downlink signal is unavoidable since the receiving section has to be tuned in order to carry out the measurements to the frequency of the neighboring base station and cannot in this period track the signal of the partner station. If the transmitting section of the user station can be tuned independently of the receiving section, then during the downlink interruption transmission can continue in the uplink.

[0010] In a user station with multiple receiving sections, one of which can remain constantly tuned to the downlink signal of the partner station and the second of which can be used for measurements of neighboring base stations, downlink interruptions are not necessary. However, temporary interruptions of the uplink signal may be necessary if transmission of the uplink signal would disrupt the measurements to be carried out e.g. due to closely adjacent frequencies.

[0011] In order to make optimum use of the transmission capacity of a mobile radio communication system, it is of course desirable to limit as far as possible the extent of uplink or downlink interruptions which are associated with measurements of signals of neighboring stations and to allow interruptions independent of one another only in the uplink or only in the downlink. However, this raises a number of problems. Firstly, during an uplink interruption, the user station cannot deliver the back-coupling information which the base station needs in order to be able to continue to transmit the downlink signal to this user station. Secondly, the user station is unable during a downlink interruption to carry out the necessary measurements which are required in order to determine the back-coupling information.

[0012] In addition, consideration must also be given to the situation where a transition to an operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity falls within an interruption in the uplink and/or downlink transmission. Regardless of whether only the uplink, only the downlink or both are interrupted, the base station has from the start of the closed-loop operating state until the end of the interruption no current back-coupling information available to it with which it could control beam profiling.

[0013] For the reasons stated, with the conventional UMTS system an optimum transition between operating states with and without closed-loop antenna diversity is possible only if the base station's communication with the user stations affected by the transition is not being interrupted. Ensuring this complicates considerably switching between operating states with and without closed-loop antenna diversity. If a base station serves a large number of user stations, then it is practically impossible to effect a change of operating state for all user stations simultaneously, since there will usually always be one among them whose communication is temporarily interrupted.

[0014] The object of the present invention is to indicate a method for operating a cellular radio communication system, a user station and a base station for such a system which support interruptions in the downlink and uplink signal independently of one another and at any times and which enable the system to switch between states with and without closed-loop antenna diversity in a simple way and regardless of possible transmission interruptions.

[0015] This object is achieved in a method according to claim 1, 7, 11 or 17, a user station according to claim 19 or 20 and a base station according to claim 25.

[0016] If in the event of an uplink interruption, transmission is to continue in the downlink, then it is envisaged that the base station will weight the downlink signal with a weighting vector determined in advance until such time as it receives new back-coupling information after the end of the interruption.

[0017] The determined weighting vector may usefully be the weighting vector represented by the last back-coupling information received by the base station before the interruption.

[0018] In a radio communication system which can be switched between an operating state without closed-loop antenna diversity and the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity it can arise that such a vector does not exist because the switch to the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity has not been made until the interruption of the uplink signal. In such systems, a default weighting vector is generally defined, which weighting vector is used for weighting the downlink signal in the first time slot after the switch if no back-coupling information is yet available at the base station. In this case, the determined weighting vector is usefully the same as the default vector.

[0019] If the determined weighting vector is the weighting vector represented by the last back-coupling information received by the base station before the interruption, different variants arise. If the back-coupling information comprises words consisting of multiple bits, which words can be delivered distributed across multiple time slots of the uplink signal, then the last complete word of back-coupling information which was delivered before the interruption in the uplink signal can be interpreted as the last back-coupling information received. In other words, a part of the back-coupling word which was transmitted immediately before the interruption, is not taken into consideration when determining the weighting vector. Alternatively, the last word of the back-coupling information, delivery of which commenced before the interruption of the uplink signal, can be taken as the last back-coupling information received, even if it was not transmitted fully. Such a procedure is useful, e.g. in a UMTS system, if the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity is closed-loop mode 2.

[0020] If in the event of a downlink interruption, the uplink transmission is to be continued, then according to the invention the base station delivers back-coupling information in the uplink signal to the base station, which back-coupling information represents a weighting vector determined before the interruption. The evaluation of the uplink signal at the base station is then, irrespective of possible downlink interruptions, always the same.

[0021] With the invention according to claim 11, back-coupling information can be made available immediately to the base station of the radio communication system after transition to an operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity, which information enables this base station to determine a weighting vector and to use the weighting vector for directional transmitting, irrespective of whether the user station has already had the opportunity after the transition to the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity to carry out a measurement necessary for generating current back-coupling information or not. If the opportunity has not arisen, and until such time as it does, the user station will deliver back-coupling information to the base station, which back-coupling information represents a weighting vector determined before the transition to the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity.

[0022] According to a first simple alternative, the back-coupling information involved here is back-coupling information which represents exactly the particular weighting vector which is traditionally used as a default vector in the first time slot after the transition to the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity.

[0023] UMTS standard (specification TS25.214 of the 3GPP) provides for two operating states with closed-loop antenna diversity, designated closed-loop mode 1 and closed-loop mode 2. In closed-loop mode 1 a default weighting vector taking the form w⁽⁰⁾=(1/{square root}2; ½(1+j)) is used. This weighting vector remains unchanged as long as back-coupling information bits with the value 0 are transmitted.

[0024] A second alternative is where the known weighting vector is the particular vector or one of the vectors from a known finite set of available vectors which exhibits the greatest similarity with the predefined weighting vector. This alternative version of the method is applicable to the closed-loop mode 2 of the UMTS system. In this operating state, a four-bit word is transmitted as back-coupling information, which word contains, in addition to three bits defining the phase difference of the signals emitted from the two antennas of the base station, information about their relative power; these powers may stand in a ratio of 0.8:0.2 or 0.2:0.8 to one another. The default vector used in closed-loop mode 2, however, provides for an intensity ratio of 0.5:0.5. It is not therefore possible to deliver back-coupling information to the base station which would lead to retention of the default weighting vector. In such a case the back-coupling information will usefully be determined such that among the various weighting vectors standing at the disposal of the base station it represents the particular weighting vector or one of the weighting vectors that bears the greatest similarity to the default weighting vector.

[0025] In a radio communication system like the UMTS system which supports multiple operating states with closed-loop antenna diversity it may, for ease of implementation, also be desirable to determine the back-coupling information to be transmitted before the availability of a current measurement so that irrespective of which of the operating states with closed-loop antenna diversity has been selected the same back-coupling information is delivered.

[0026] A third alternative is that, for whatever reasons, shortly before switching to an operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity, the user station has performed a measurement on the downlink signal of the base station. In such a case, the back-coupling information produced from this measurement can of course immediately be delivered to the base station.

[0027] The method will preferably be used in a UMTS radio communication system. Here, it enables initialization of the weighting vector in the event, not yet dealt with under the currently valid standard, of a transition to an operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity coinciding with an interruption of the downlink signal so that the back-coupling information needed by the base station cannot be determined by the user station.

[0028] The back-coupling information delivered in such a case until the end of the downlink interruption will preferably consist of zeros.

[0029] If the operating state with antenna diversity is the closed-loop mode 1 of the UMTS system, then the transmitting of zeros results in the base station using the default weighting vector w⁽⁰⁾=(1/{square root}2; ½(1+j)) predefined for emitting the first time slot after the transition to closed-loop mode 1 until such time as the user station has carried out a measurement which shows another weighting vector to be better suited and the back-coupling information relating to this has been transmitted to the base station. If the operating state with back-coupling is closed-loop mode 2, then it is impossible to reuse the weighting vector (½; −½) used for the first time slot after transition to closed-loop mode 2, after a complete word of the back-coupling information has been transmitted. The back-coupling information allows only relative powers of the two antenna elements of 0.2:0.8 or 0.8:0.2 to be specified. Among the weighting vectors which are available in closed-loop mode 2, the vectors (0.2; −0.8) or (0.8; −0.2) are most similar to the default weighting vector, since they exhibit the same relative phase position of vector components. They can be opted for under the UMTS standard with the back-coupling information words 0000 and 0001. For ease of implementation, only zeros will be transmitted in closed-loop mode 1 and 2 as back-coupling information.

[0030] Further features and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows of embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, wherein:

[0031]FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a UMTS radio communication system in which the present invention can be applied;

[0032]FIG. 2 shows the temporal course of uplink and downlink signal in the event of the UMTS system switching to closed-loop mode 1 while both the uplink and downlink signal are interrupted;

[0033]FIG. 3 shows the temporal course of uplink and downlink signal if the switch to closed-loop mode 1 takes place during an interruption solely in the downlink signal;

[0034]FIG. 4 shows the temporal course of these signals if the switch to closed-loop mode 1 takes place during an interruption solely in the uplink signal;

[0035]FIG. 5 shows the temporal course of uplink and downlink signal if the system switches to closed-loop mode 2 during a downlink interruption.

[0036]FIGS. 6 and 7 show two variants of the temporal course of uplink and downlink signal in the event of an interruption in the uplink after a switch to closed-loop mode 1 or 2.

[0037]FIG. 1 shows the structure of a radio communication system in which the present invention can be used. It consists of a large number of mobile switching centers MSC which are networked with one another or establish access to a fixed network PSTN. Furthermore, these mobile switching centers MSC are in each case connected to at least one base station controller BSC. Each base station controller BSC enables in turn a connection to at least one base station BS. Such a base station BS can establish via a radio interface a communication link to user stations MS. It is equipped with antenna equipment comprising multiple antennas, here two antennas A₁, A₂. These antennas A₁, A₂ are loaded by the base station BS with a downlink signal intended for a defined user station MS, whereby at least during the emission of the user data of the downlink signal this is given to the antennas A₁, A₂ multiplied with coefficients w1, w2 of a weighting vector W in order to direct the downlink signal selectively to the base station MS concerned.

[0038] The user stations MS are, through measurements which they perform on the downlink signal, able to estimate an optimum phase and intensity relationship between the portions of the downlink signal emitted by the two antennas A₁, A₂ which would allow reception of the downlink signal with maximum field strength. The technology for carrying out such measurements is known and is not explained here as it does not form part of the invention.

[0039] A radio communication system compliant with the UMTS standard is examined as an example below. Such a system has, in addition to types of operating mode without antenna diversity and with open-loop antenna diversity, two operating modes with closed-loop antenna diversity, designated closed-loop mode 1 and closed-loop-mode 2, which differ in terms of the format of the back-coupling information which is transmitted from the user stations MS to the base station BS in order to indicate to this base station the weighting vector W with which the downlink signal should be weighted so as in each case to be optimally receivable at a user station MS.

[0040] In the UMTS system, uplink signal and downlink signal are subdivided into frames which each provide fifteen time slots for user data transmission between base station BS and user station MS. In the uplink signal, a bit is available in each of these time slots for the transmission of back-coupling information.

[0041] In closed-loop mode 1, the user station MS uses the channel CPICH emitted by both antennas A₁, A₂ of the base station BS in order with the aid of the weighting vector to calculate a phase adjustment to be undertaken on the downlink signal emitted by these two antennas. This calculation is performed for each time slot in which the base station BS transmits the downlink signal. The user station MS forms from the measured optimum phase adjustment Φ a quantized phase adjustment Φ_(Q) according to the formula $\begin{matrix} {\Phi_{Q} = \left\{ \begin{matrix} \pi & {{{if}\quad {\pi/2}} < {\Phi - {\Phi_{r}(i)}} \leq {3\quad {\pi/2}\quad \pi}} \\ 0 & {otherwise} \end{matrix} \right.} & (1) \end{matrix}$

[0042] where $\begin{matrix} {{\Phi (i)}_{t} = \left\{ {\begin{matrix} 0 & {{{{if}\quad i} = 0},2,4,6,8,10,12,14} \\ {\pi/2} & {{{{if}\quad i} = 1},3,5,7,9,11,13} \end{matrix},} \right.} & (2) \end{matrix}$

[0043] where i indicates the number of a time slot in a frame. If Φ_(Q)=0, the user station MS transmits a back-coupling information bit with the value “0”, If Φ_(Q)=π, the value “1” is transmitted. When determining the weighting vector used by it W=(w₁, w₂), the base station takes into account in each case the last and penultimate bits of back-coupling information in accordance with the following formula $\begin{matrix} {{w_{1} = {1/\sqrt{2}}}{w_{2} = {\frac{\sum\limits_{i = {n - 1}}^{n}{\cos \left( \varphi_{i} \right)}}{2} + {j\quad \frac{\sum\limits_{i = {n - 1}}^{n}{\sin \quad \left( \varphi_{i} \right)}}{2}}}}} & (3) \end{matrix}$

[0044] where Φ_(i) can assume the values 0, π, π/2, −π/2 as per the table below: TABLE 1 i 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Φ_(Q) = 0 0   π/2 0   π/2 0   π/2 0   π/2 0   π/2 0   π/2 0   π/2 0 Φ_(Q) = 1 π −π/2 π −π/2 π −π/2 π −π/2 π −π/2 π −π/2 π −π/2 π

[0045] The component w₁ of the weighting vector for the antenna A₁ is always w₁=1/{square root}2.

[0046] Conventionally, only initialization of closed-loop mode 1 is provided for in the first time slot of a frame. The way in which this is carried out is that a default weighting vector W⁽⁰⁾ with a second component w₂=½(1+j) is assumed before reception of a first back-coupling word and after receipt of the first word of back-coupling information in the time slot 0 of the uplink signal w₂ is calculated in accordance with the following formula $\begin{matrix} {w_{2} = {\frac{{\cos \left( {\pi/2} \right)} + {\cos \left( \varphi_{0} \right)}}{2} + {j\frac{{\sin \left( {\pi/2} \right)} + {\sin \left( \varphi_{0} \right)}}{2}}}} & (4) \end{matrix}$

[0047] where, depending on the value of the back-coupling information, Φ_(Q) assumes the value 0 or π in accordance with the above table.

[0048]FIG. 2 illustrates the temporal course of uplink and downlink signal in the transition to closed-loop mode 1 according to the present invention. Boxes in the top half of the diagram in FIG. 2 each represent time slots of the downlink signal DL transmitted from the base station to the user station, a box drawn in solid lines designating a time slot in which a signal is transmitted and boxes drawn in dashed lines designating time slots in which the transmission of the signal is interrupted in order to give the user station the opportunity to carry out measurements on the signals of neighboring base stations. The bottom half of the diagram illustrates in a analogous way the uplink signal UL, with boxes in solid lines likewise designating timeslots in which a signal is transmitted and boxes drawn in dashed lines designating time slots in which no signal is transmitted. Arrows pointing downward symbolize the transmission of a downlink time slot in closed-loop mode; arrows pointing upward the transmission of back-coupling information.

[0049] The transition of the system to closed loop mode 1 (CL1) shown by a vertical dotted-dashed line falls within a period in which uplink and downlink signal are interrupted. When in time slot i of the downlink signal DL, the base station BS starts to transmit again, it has not yet received any back-coupling information from the user station MS. It therefore transmits in time slot i with the default weighting vector W⁽⁰⁾=(1/{square root}2, (1+j)).

[0050] During the time slot i of the downlink signal DL, the user station MS is for the first time able to carry out a measurement and delivers a back-coupling word FB by means of which the base station BS calculates an updated weighting vector w(FB) which is used for weighting the downlink signal in time slot i+1. The component w₂ of the vector W(FB) is calculated in accordance with formula (3), a fictitious phase-adjustment value Φ_(i−1) being set to π/2 for the immediately preceding (i−1)th time slot in which no downlink signal has been transmitted if i=0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 or 14 and to π/2 if i=1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 or 13. In this way, correct initialization of the weighting vector is possible in any time slot of the frame. In other words, the value selected as the fictitious phase adjustment value Φ_(i−1) is that which would have been produced even if in time slot (i−1) a back-coupling information bit specifying the default weighting vector had been transmitted with the value 0.

[0051]FIG. 3 shows the case where at the time of the transition to closed-loop mode 1 only the downlink signal DL is interrupted, but not the uplink signal UL. If in this situation the base station receives the uplink signal, then it expects to find back-coupling information in each time slot of the latter, but immediately after the start of closed-loop mode 1 the user station MS has not yet been able to perform any measurement on the downlink signal from which it could derive back-coupling information. In this situation, the user station transmits in each time slot of the uplink signal back-coupling information with the value 0. As can easily be seen from formula (3), the transmission of this back-coupling information for the base station BS always yields the default weighting vector W⁽⁰⁾. This is therefore used by the base station BS for weighting the first time slot i after the interruption. The user station MS derives during the time slot i of the downlink signal DL a back-coupling bit FB which is transmitted to the base station and enables this base station to select for the time slot (i+1) an updated weighting vector W(FB).

[0052] During the downlink interruption the user station MS delivers to a certain extent dummy back-coupling information which has a predefined content which does not derive from an actual measurement. The base station finds in each time slot of the uplink signal UL, irrespective of whether it has been produced in an interruption of the downlink signal DL or not, evaluable back-coupling information, so that when the uplink signal UL is evaluated no distinction has to be made between periods in which the downlink signal DL is transmitted regularly and those in which it is interrupted. Since the base station is supplied continuously with back-coupling information, no special initialization procedure is necessary after the end of the interruption.

[0053]FIG. 4 relates to the case where the switch to closed-loop mode 1 takes place during an interruption in the uplink signal UL, but the downlink signal DL is being transmitted normally. As long as the interruption in the uplink signal continues, the base station receives no back-coupling information from the user station, even if the latter receives signals in the common pilot channel (CPICH) of the downlink signal and is capable of measuring a phase adjustment. The first time slot after the interruption in which time slot the user station transmits an uplink signal is time slot i. In this time slot i, the user station MS transmits the back-coupling information FB determined currently from the downlink (CPICH), and the base station BS determines by means of the back-coupling information FB the weighting vector W(FB) used in time slot i+1 of the downlink signal. This determination is carried out in the same way, depending on the number i of the time slot, as described above with reference to FIG. 2.

[0054]FIG. 5 illustrates the case where a switch to closed-loop mode 2 (CL2) occurs during an interruption in the downlink signal.

[0055] In closed-loop mode 2, the back-coupling information is delivered to the base station BS in the form of four-bit data words, whereby the three most significant bits FSM_(ph) of such a data word specify the relative phase length of the two components of the weighting vector and the least significant bit FSM_(po) specifies the ratio of their amounts. Transmission of such a four-bit data word can in each case commence only in the time slots 0, 4, 8, 12 of a UMTS frame, while the bit FSM_(po) of the data word beginning in time slot 12 is not transmitted.

[0056] If in the switch to closed-loop mode 2 at the beginning of a frame neither uplink nor downlink signal is interrupted, then a standard weighting vector W⁽⁰⁾=(½, −½) is used in a known way for transmitting the time slot 0 (i=0) in closed-loop mode 2 for which the base station does not yet have any back-coupling information from the user station available. In the subsequent time slots of the uplink signal UL, the user station MS delivers in sequence in each case the four bits of the back-coupling word. Here the three phase bits FSM_(ph) of the back-coupling word each specify phase differences between the antennas A₁, A₂ as per the following table TABLE 2 FSM_(ph) Phase difference between antennas A₁, A₂ [rad] 000 π 001 −3π/4 011  −π/2 010  −π/4 110 0 111    π/4 101    π/2 100   3π/4

[0057] and the power back-coupling bit FSM_(po) enables a distinction to be made between the following relative transmit powers of the antennas A₁, A₂: TABLE 3 FSM_(po) A₁ power A₂ power 0 0.2 0.8 1 0.8 0.2

[0058] The base station BS commences, even before transmission of the four-bit back-coupling word is complete, updating the weighting vector used by means of the back-coupling bits transmitted in succession as per the following table, a dash (-) in the table designating a bit not yet transmitted. FSM_(ph) Phase difference between antennas A₁, A₂ [rad] --- π (corresponds to default initialization vector) 0-- π 1-- 0 00- Π 01-  −π/2 11- 0 10-    π/2 000 π 001 −3π/4 011  −π/2 010  −π/4 110 0 111    π/4 101    π/2 100   3π/4

[0059] Let us now examine again the case shown in FIG. 5 where at the beginning of a frame a switch has been made to closed-loop mode 2 and no transmissions are occurring in the time slots i=0, 1 of the downlink signal DL. In this case, the user station MS delivers back-coupling bits with the value 0 to the base station BS until the downlink interruption has ended and the user station MS is for the first time able to perform a measurement on the CPICH. In the example shown in the Figure, the user station MS delivers in time slots i=0, 1 a back-coupling bit with the value 0, which is interpreted by the base station in accordance with Table 4 above as a phase difference of π, specified by the user station, between the antennas A₁, A₂.

[0060] Only by means of the CPICH during the downlink time slot 2 is the user station MS actually able to carry out a measurement.

[0061] According to a first alternative, it delivers as a measurement result the lowest significant phase bit FSMph,2 of the back-coupling data word expected in this time slot 2 by the base station BS as back-coupling information. The base station BS, however, ignores this phase bit as it does the power bit FSMpo delivered in the subsequent time slot 3 and continues to use the default weighting vector W(0), i.e. it behaves as if zeros had been transmitted instead of these two back-coupling bits.

[0062] Only from time slot 4, in which the user station commences transmission of a new complete back-coupling word, does the base station begin to take account of the back-coupling information delivered.

[0063] According to a second alternative, it could also be provided that after the end of an interruption in the downlink signal the user station MS constantly transmits zeros in place of the residual bits of a started back-coupling data word and only starts delivering current back-coupling information with the start of a new data word in one of the time slots 0, 4, 8 or 12.

[0064] If, in deviation from the representation of FIG. 5, the interruption of the downlink signal extends across and possibly beyond time slot 3, then the user station MS also delivers in time slot 3 a back-coupling bit with the value 0, and the weighting vector used for the fifth (i=4) time slot of the downlink signal assumes the value W=(0.2; −0.8). This vector is no longer identical to the weighting vector originally predefined (0.5; −0.5), but among the weighting vectors available to the base station, together with the vector (0.8; 0.2) it is the one which bears the greatest similarity with the predefined weighting vector. The scalar product of vectors standardized to a uniform amount can be used, for example, as a measure of the similarity of two vectors.

[0065]FIG. 6 shows an uplink interruption in time slots i=1, 2 in a closed-loop mode. During and before transmission of the downlink signal in time slot 0, the user station has been able to determine back-coupling information; it delivers a first bit FB₀ of this to the base station in time slot 0 of the uplink before the interruption.

[0066] This is evaluated by the base station in the conventional manner, as is known for closed-loop mode 1 and 2 of the UMTS system. The base station transmits in time slot 1 of the downlink with a weighting vector w(FB₀) updated by means of this back-coupling bit. In the subsequent time slots 1, 2 the base station receives no uplink signal and consequently also no further back-coupling information. The base station then discards the first back-coupling bit and transmits the downlink signal in timeslots 2 and 3 with the default weighting vector. In the case of closed-loop mode 1, the weighting vector can be updated after the end of the interruption using the back-coupling bit FB₃ transmitted in uplink time slot 3 in the same way as described above for the situation where the transition to closed-loop mode 1 falls within an uplink interruption. In the case of closed-loop mode 2, the base station also ignores the back-coupling bit FB₃ transmitted in uplink time slot 3 (which corresponds here to the power bit FSM_(po)) and evaluates only the back-coupling bit transmitted in uplink time slot 4.

[0067]FIG. 7 shows an alternative method for closed-loop mode 2. Updating of the weighting vector to w(FB₀) after transmission of the back-coupling bit FB₀ before the interruption is as described above with reference to FIG. 7. During the interruption, the base station uses in the downlink the weighting vector w(FB₀) until it receives a new first bit FB₀ of another back-coupling word. The last bit FB₃ of the incompletely transmitted back-coupling word is ignored.

[0068] Through delays in the transmission (runtimes) and calculation of the weighting vector, it is possible that the updating of the weighting vector W(FB) based on a back-coupling bit transmitted in time slot i will not occur until time slot (i+2) or even later. The methods specified can also be used here. 

1. A method for operating a cellular radio communication system with a base station having multiple antennas, which base station supports an operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity, in which operating state it emits at the individual antennas a downlink signal weighted in each case with components of a weighting vector, and a user station for receiving the downlink signal and transmitting an uplink signal to the base station, wherein the user station determines through measurements on the downlink signal a weighting vector which ensures a good reception of the downlink signal at the user station and delivers back-coupling information to the base station, which back-coupling information represents the determined weighting vector, characterized in that in the event of an interruption in the uplink signal, the base station weights the downlink signal with a weighting vector determined in advance until it receives new back-coupling information after the end of the interruption.
 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the determined weighting vector is the weighting vector represented by the last back-coupling information received.
 3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the back-coupling information comprises words consisting of multiple bits, which words are delivered distributed across multiple time slots of the uplink signal, and in that the last complete word in the back-coupling information which was delivered before the interruption in the uplink signal is interpreted as the last back-coupling information received.
 4. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the back-coupling information comprises words consisting of multiple bits, which words are delivered distributed across multiple time slots of the uplink signal, and in that the last word of the back-coupling information, delivery of which started before the interruption in the uplink signal, is interpreted as the last back-coupling information received.
 5. A method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radio communication system is a UMTS system and in that the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity is closed-loop mode 2, in which the back-coupling information is transmitted in words of four bits in width, which in each case start in determined time slots in the uplink signal.
 6. A method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the radio communication system is a UMTS system and in that the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity is closed-loop mode 1, in which the back-coupling information is transmitted in words of two bits in width.
 7. A method for operating a cellular radio communication system with a base station having multiple antennas, which base station supports an operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity, in which operating state it emits at the individual antennas a downlink signal weighted in each case with components of a weighting vector, and a user station for receiving the downlink signal and transmitting an uplink signal to the base station, wherein the user station determines through measurements on the downlink signal a weighting vector which ensures a good reception of the downlink signal at the user station and delivers back-coupling information to the base station, which back-coupling information represents the determined weighting vector, characterized in that in the event of an interruption in the downlink signal, the user station delivers back-coupling information in the uplink signal to the base station, which back-coupling information represents a weighting vector determined before the interruption.
 8. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the determined weighting vector is the weighting vector represented by the last back-coupling information received.
 9. A method according to claim 7 or claim 8, characterized in that the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity is closed-loop mode 2, in which the back-coupling information is transmitted in words of four bits in width, which words commence in each case in determined time slots in the uplink signal, and in that the base station ignores back-coupling information which is delivered after the end of the interruption in the downlink signal and before such a determined time slot.
 10. A method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radio communication system can be switched between an operating state without closed-loop antenna diversity and the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity, and in that upon transition of the radio communication system to the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity the base station emits the downlink signal during at least a first time slot with a predefined weighting vector, and in that, in the event of the interruption extending over a time of switching to the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity, the determined weighting vector is the same as the predefined weighting vector.
 11. A method, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, for operating a cellular radio communication system with a base station having multiple antennas, which base station can be switched between an operating state without closed-loop antenna diversity and an operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity in which it emits at the individual antennas a downlink signal weighted in each case with components of a weighting vector, and a user station for receiving the downlink signal and for transmitting an uplink signal to the base station, whereby the user station in the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity determines through measurements on the downlink signal a weighting vector which ensures a good reception of the downlink signal at the user station and delivers back-coupling information to the base station, which back-coupling information represents the determined weighting vector, wherein upon transition of the radio communication system to the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity the base station emits the downlink signal during at least a first time slot with a predefined weighting vector and then updates the weighting vector continuously by means of the back-coupling information, characterized in that the user station delivers, after transition of the radio communication system to the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity, back-coupling information to the base station, which back-coupling information represents a weighting vector determined before the transition to the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity, until a current weighting vector has been determined in a measurement after the transition to the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity, and in that back-coupling information is delivered representing the current weighting vector.
 12. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the known weighting vector is the predefined weighting vector.
 13. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the known weighting vector is the particular vector or one of the vectors from a finite set of available vectors which exhibits the greatest similarity with the predefined weighting vector.
 14. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the known weighting vector is a weighting vector obtained in a measurement conducted before the switch to the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity.
 15. A method according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that it is applied in a UMTS system if, at the time of the transition to the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity, the transmission of the downlink signal is interrupted.
 16. A method according to claim 15, characterized in that all back-coupling information delivered between the time of transition to the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity and the determination of a current weighting vector consists of zeros.
 17. A method for operating a cellular radio communication system, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, with a base station having multiple antennas, which base station can be switched between an operating state without closed-loop antenna diversity and an operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity, in which it emits at the individual antennas a downlink signal weighted in each case with components of a weighting vector, and a user station for receiving the downlink signal and transmitting an uplink signal to the base station which determines in the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity through measurements on the downlink signal a weighting vector which ensures a good reception of the downlink signal at the user station and delivers back-coupling information to the base station, which back-coupling information represents the determined weighting vector, wherein upon transition of the radio communication system to the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity the base station emits during at least a first time slot the downlink signal weighted with a predefined weighting vector and then updates the weighting vector continuously by means of a word of the back-coupling information, which word comprises multiple bits, characterized in that the base station, after receiving a first part of the bit word of the back-coupling information, updates the weighting vector by selecting the particular weighting vector which is produced when the part of the word not yet transmitted is supplemented by those bits which instead of the part not yet transmitted are contained in a word representing the predefined weighting vector.
 18. A method according to claim 17, characterized in that it is applied in a UMTS system if, at the time of a transition to closed-loop mode 1, in which a word of the back-coupling information comprises two bits, the transmission of the uplink signal has been interrupted and after the end of the interruption a first bit of a back-coupling word has been transmitted.
 19. A user station for a radio communication system, for receiving a downlink signal from a base station and for transmitting an uplink signal to the base station, which is able in an operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity to determine through measurements at the downlink signal a weighting vector which ensures a good reception of the downlink signal at the user station and to deliver back-coupling information to the base station, which back-coupling information represents the determined weighting vector, characterized in that the user station is set up to deliver during an interruption in the downlink signal back-coupling information to the base station, which back coupling information represents a weighting vector determined before the interruption.
 20. A user station for a radio communication system, for receiving a downlink signal from a base station and transmitting an uplink signal to the base station, which is able in an operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity to determine through measurements at the downlink signal a weighting vector which ensures a good reception of the downlink signal at the user station and to deliver back-coupling information to the base station, which back-coupling information represents the determined weighting vector characterized in that the user station is set up to deliver, between a time of the transition to the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity and the completion of the first measurement after this transition, back-coupling information to the base station, which back-coupling information represents a weighting vector determined before the time of the transition.
 21. A user station according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the determined weighting vector is the predefined weighting vector.
 22. A user station according to claim 19 or claim 20, characterized in that the determined weighting vector is the particular vector or one of the vectors from a finite set of available vectors which has the greater similarity with the specified weighting vector.
 23. A user station according to claim 19 or claim 20, characterized in that the determined weighting vector is a weighting vector obtained in a measurement carried out before the switch to the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity.
 24. A user station according to one of claims 20 to 23, characterized in that it is a user station for the UMTS system and in that, between the time of the transition to the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity and the determination of a current weighting vector, it delivers zeros as back-coupling information.
 25. A base station for a radio communication system, for receiving an uplink signal from a user station and transmitting a downlink signal to the user station, which is able in an operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity to receive back-coupling information from the user station and to weight the downlink signal with a weighting vector represented by the back-coupling information, characterized in that the base station retains, in the event of an interruption in the uplink signal, a weighting vector represented by back-coupling information received before the interruption.
 26. A base station according to claim 25, characterized in that, if no back-coupling information transmitted before the interruption is available, it weights with a weighting vector determined in advance.
 27. A base station according to claim 25, characterized in that the base station can be switched between an operating state without closed-loop antenna diversity and the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity, in that, upon transition of the base station to the operating state with closed-loop antenna diversity, the base station emits during at least a first time slot the downlink signal weighted with a determined weighting vector and in that the weighting vector determined in advance is the predefined weighting vector. 